ADHD is the most common neurobiological disorder in children. The key word being neurobiological. When in the throes of raising a neurodivergent child, it’s easy to forget that their behavior is ...

Social rank regulates methamphetamine-seeking behavior by modulating the mesocortical and mesolimbic dopamine pathways, and winning experiences can remodel these circuits to suppress drug-seeking. In ...

(A) In early/mid-stage PD, the nigrostriatal pathway (indicated by red arrow) is primarily affected, leading to impaired voluntary movement control due to dopamine depletion in the striatum. During ...